Logical Transitions

• Addition: and, also, as well as, besides, first, further, furthermore, in addition, moreover, next, second, too

• Comparison: also, in the same manner, likewise, similarly

• Consequence: as a result, because, consequently, hence, since, therefore, thus

• Contrast: although, but, even though, however, on the other hand, in contrast, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, still, yet

• Illustration: for example, for instance, in fact, specifically, to illustrate

• Order (of Ideas): first, second; for one thing, . . . for another

• Summary or Conclusion: in other words, in short, in summary, to sum up, that is, therefore

• Duration: briefly, during, for a long time, since

• Frequency: frequently, hourly, occasionally, often, rarely

• Order (of Events or Processes): after, afterward, as, at first, at last, before, during, finally, immediately, in the beginning, in the end, late, later, next, now, meanwhile, subsequently, then, when, while

Spatial Transitions

• Direction: across, around, away, beyond, down, into, over, sideways, through, to toward, up

• Placement: above, along, alongside, atop, behind, below, beyond, facing, in front of, inside, on, outside

• Proximity: close to, far from, farther on, here, in the distance, near, next to, opposite, there, to the left

Updated: 08.18.07