EMPL EMPL_LAST_NAME  JOB_TITLE  MGR  HIREDATE      SALARY COMMISSION DEP        
---- --------------- ---------- ---- --------- ---------- ---------- ---        
7839 King            President       17-NOV-91       5000            500        
7566 Jones           Manager    7839 02-APR-91       2975            200        
7698 Blake           Manager    7839 01-MAY-91       2850            300        
7782 Raimi           Manager    7839 09-JUN-91       2450            100        
7902 Ford            Analyst    7566 03-DEC-91       3000            200        
7369 Smith           Clerk      7902 17-DEC-90        800            200        
7499 Michaels        Sales      7698 20-FEB-91       1600        300 300        
7521 Ward            Sales      7698 22-FEB-91       1250        500 300        
7654 Martin          Sales      7698 28-SEP-91       1250       1400 300        
7788 Scott           Analyst    7566 09-NOV-91       3000            200        
7844 Turner          Sales      7698 08-SEP-91       1500          0 300        

EMPL EMPL_LAST_NAME  JOB_TITLE  MGR  HIREDATE      SALARY COMMISSION DEP        
---- --------------- ---------- ---- --------- ---------- ---------- ---        
7876 Adams           Clerk      7788 23-SEP-91       1100            400        
7900 James           Clerk      7698 03-DEC-91        950            300        
7934 Miller          Clerk      7782 23-JAN-92       1300            100        

14 rows selected.

========
redoing previous SQL statement with /:

EMPL EMPL_LAST_NAME  JOB_TITLE  MGR  HIREDATE      SALARY COMMISSION DEP        
---- --------------- ---------- ---- --------- ---------- ---------- ---        
7839 King            President       17-NOV-91       5000            500        
7566 Jones           Manager    7839 02-APR-91       2975            200        
7698 Blake           Manager    7839 01-MAY-91       2850            300        
7782 Raimi           Manager    7839 09-JUN-91       2450            100        
7902 Ford            Analyst    7566 03-DEC-91       3000            200        
7369 Smith           Clerk      7902 17-DEC-90        800            200        
7499 Michaels        Sales      7698 20-FEB-91       1600        300 300        
7521 Ward            Sales      7698 22-FEB-91       1250        500 300        
7654 Martin          Sales      7698 28-SEP-91       1250       1400 300        
7788 Scott           Analyst    7566 09-NOV-91       3000            200        
7844 Turner          Sales      7698 08-SEP-91       1500          0 300        

EMPL EMPL_LAST_NAME  JOB_TITLE  MGR  HIREDATE      SALARY COMMISSION DEP        
---- --------------- ---------- ---- --------- ---------- ---------- ---        
7876 Adams           Clerk      7788 23-SEP-91       1100            400        
7900 James           Clerk      7698 03-DEC-91        950            300        
7934 Miller          Clerk      7782 23-JAN-92       1300            100        

14 rows selected.

========
using default feedback value:

DEP DEPT_NAME       DEPT_LOC                                                    
--- --------------- ---------------                                             
100 Accounting      New York                                                    
200 Research        Dallas                                                      
300 Sales           Chicago                                                     
400 Operations      Boston                                                      
500 Management      New York                                                    

========
now using a feedback of 3:

DEP DEPT_NAME       DEPT_LOC                                                    
--- --------------- ---------------                                             
100 Accounting      New York                                                    
200 Research        Dallas                                                      
300 Sales           Chicago                                                     
400 Operations      Boston                                                      
500 Management      New York                                                    

5 rows selected.

========
result of show feedback:
FEEDBACK ON for 3 or more rows

DEP DEPT_NAME       DEPT_LOC                                                    
--- --------------- ---------------                                             
200 Research        Dallas                                                      

========
ugly Cartesian product:

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
King            King                                                            
King            Jones                                                           
King            Blake                                                           
King            Raimi                                                           
King            Ford                                                            
King            Smith                                                           
King            Michaels                                                        
King            Ward                                                            
King            Martin                                                          
King            Scott                                                           
King            Turner                                                          

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
King            Adams                                                           
King            James                                                           
King            Miller                                                          
Jones           King                                                            
Jones           Jones                                                           
Jones           Blake                                                           
Jones           Raimi                                                           
Jones           Ford                                                            
Jones           Smith                                                           
Jones           Michaels                                                        
Jones           Ward                                                            

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Jones           Martin                                                          
Jones           Scott                                                           
Jones           Turner                                                          
Jones           Adams                                                           
Jones           James                                                           
Jones           Miller                                                          
Blake           King                                                            
Blake           Jones                                                           
Blake           Blake                                                           
Blake           Raimi                                                           
Blake           Ford                                                            

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Blake           Smith                                                           
Blake           Michaels                                                        
Blake           Ward                                                            
Blake           Martin                                                          
Blake           Scott                                                           
Blake           Turner                                                          
Blake           Adams                                                           
Blake           James                                                           
Blake           Miller                                                          
Raimi           King                                                            
Raimi           Jones                                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Raimi           Blake                                                           
Raimi           Raimi                                                           
Raimi           Ford                                                            
Raimi           Smith                                                           
Raimi           Michaels                                                        
Raimi           Ward                                                            
Raimi           Martin                                                          
Raimi           Scott                                                           
Raimi           Turner                                                          
Raimi           Adams                                                           
Raimi           James                                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Raimi           Miller                                                          
Ford            King                                                            
Ford            Jones                                                           
Ford            Blake                                                           
Ford            Raimi                                                           
Ford            Ford                                                            
Ford            Smith                                                           
Ford            Michaels                                                        
Ford            Ward                                                            
Ford            Martin                                                          
Ford            Scott                                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Ford            Turner                                                          
Ford            Adams                                                           
Ford            James                                                           
Ford            Miller                                                          
Smith           King                                                            
Smith           Jones                                                           
Smith           Blake                                                           
Smith           Raimi                                                           
Smith           Ford                                                            
Smith           Smith                                                           
Smith           Michaels                                                        

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Smith           Ward                                                            
Smith           Martin                                                          
Smith           Scott                                                           
Smith           Turner                                                          
Smith           Adams                                                           
Smith           James                                                           
Smith           Miller                                                          
Michaels        King                                                            
Michaels        Jones                                                           
Michaels        Blake                                                           
Michaels        Raimi                                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Michaels        Ford                                                            
Michaels        Smith                                                           
Michaels        Michaels                                                        
Michaels        Ward                                                            
Michaels        Martin                                                          
Michaels        Scott                                                           
Michaels        Turner                                                          
Michaels        Adams                                                           
Michaels        James                                                           
Michaels        Miller                                                          
Ward            King                                                            

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Ward            Jones                                                           
Ward            Blake                                                           
Ward            Raimi                                                           
Ward            Ford                                                            
Ward            Smith                                                           
Ward            Michaels                                                        
Ward            Ward                                                            
Ward            Martin                                                          
Ward            Scott                                                           
Ward            Turner                                                          
Ward            Adams                                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Ward            James                                                           
Ward            Miller                                                          
Martin          King                                                            
Martin          Jones                                                           
Martin          Blake                                                           
Martin          Raimi                                                           
Martin          Ford                                                            
Martin          Smith                                                           
Martin          Michaels                                                        
Martin          Ward                                                            
Martin          Martin                                                          

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Martin          Scott                                                           
Martin          Turner                                                          
Martin          Adams                                                           
Martin          James                                                           
Martin          Miller                                                          
Scott           King                                                            
Scott           Jones                                                           
Scott           Blake                                                           
Scott           Raimi                                                           
Scott           Ford                                                            
Scott           Smith                                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Scott           Michaels                                                        
Scott           Ward                                                            
Scott           Martin                                                          
Scott           Scott                                                           
Scott           Turner                                                          
Scott           Adams                                                           
Scott           James                                                           
Scott           Miller                                                          
Turner          King                                                            
Turner          Jones                                                           
Turner          Blake                                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Turner          Raimi                                                           
Turner          Ford                                                            
Turner          Smith                                                           
Turner          Michaels                                                        
Turner          Ward                                                            
Turner          Martin                                                          
Turner          Scott                                                           
Turner          Turner                                                          
Turner          Adams                                                           
Turner          James                                                           
Turner          Miller                                                          

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Adams           King                                                            
Adams           Jones                                                           
Adams           Blake                                                           
Adams           Raimi                                                           
Adams           Ford                                                            
Adams           Smith                                                           
Adams           Michaels                                                        
Adams           Ward                                                            
Adams           Martin                                                          
Adams           Scott                                                           
Adams           Turner                                                          

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Adams           Adams                                                           
Adams           James                                                           
Adams           Miller                                                          
James           King                                                            
James           Jones                                                           
James           Blake                                                           
James           Raimi                                                           
James           Ford                                                            
James           Smith                                                           
James           Michaels                                                        
James           Ward                                                            

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
James           Martin                                                          
James           Scott                                                           
James           Turner                                                          
James           Adams                                                           
James           James                                                           
James           Miller                                                          
Miller          King                                                            
Miller          Jones                                                           
Miller          Blake                                                           
Miller          Raimi                                                           
Miller          Ford                                                            

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Miller          Smith                                                           
Miller          Michaels                                                        
Miller          Ward                                                            
Miller          Martin                                                          
Miller          Scott                                                           
Miller          Turner                                                          
Miller          Adams                                                           
Miller          James                                                           
Miller          Miller                                                          

196 rows selected.

========
ugly Cartesian product with feedback off:
feedback OFF

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
King            King                                                            
King            Jones                                                           
King            Blake                                                           
King            Raimi                                                           
King            Ford                                                            
King            Smith                                                           
King            Michaels                                                        
King            Ward                                                            
King            Martin                                                          
King            Scott                                                           
King            Turner                                                          

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
King            Adams                                                           
King            James                                                           
King            Miller                                                          
Jones           King                                                            
Jones           Jones                                                           
Jones           Blake                                                           
Jones           Raimi                                                           
Jones           Ford                                                            
Jones           Smith                                                           
Jones           Michaels                                                        
Jones           Ward                                                            

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Jones           Martin                                                          
Jones           Scott                                                           
Jones           Turner                                                          
Jones           Adams                                                           
Jones           James                                                           
Jones           Miller                                                          
Blake           King                                                            
Blake           Jones                                                           
Blake           Blake                                                           
Blake           Raimi                                                           
Blake           Ford                                                            

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Blake           Smith                                                           
Blake           Michaels                                                        
Blake           Ward                                                            
Blake           Martin                                                          
Blake           Scott                                                           
Blake           Turner                                                          
Blake           Adams                                                           
Blake           James                                                           
Blake           Miller                                                          
Raimi           King                                                            
Raimi           Jones                                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Raimi           Blake                                                           
Raimi           Raimi                                                           
Raimi           Ford                                                            
Raimi           Smith                                                           
Raimi           Michaels                                                        
Raimi           Ward                                                            
Raimi           Martin                                                          
Raimi           Scott                                                           
Raimi           Turner                                                          
Raimi           Adams                                                           
Raimi           James                                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Raimi           Miller                                                          
Ford            King                                                            
Ford            Jones                                                           
Ford            Blake                                                           
Ford            Raimi                                                           
Ford            Ford                                                            
Ford            Smith                                                           
Ford            Michaels                                                        
Ford            Ward                                                            
Ford            Martin                                                          
Ford            Scott                                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Ford            Turner                                                          
Ford            Adams                                                           
Ford            James                                                           
Ford            Miller                                                          
Smith           King                                                            
Smith           Jones                                                           
Smith           Blake                                                           
Smith           Raimi                                                           
Smith           Ford                                                            
Smith           Smith                                                           
Smith           Michaels                                                        

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Smith           Ward                                                            
Smith           Martin                                                          
Smith           Scott                                                           
Smith           Turner                                                          
Smith           Adams                                                           
Smith           James                                                           
Smith           Miller                                                          
Michaels        King                                                            
Michaels        Jones                                                           
Michaels        Blake                                                           
Michaels        Raimi                                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Michaels        Ford                                                            
Michaels        Smith                                                           
Michaels        Michaels                                                        
Michaels        Ward                                                            
Michaels        Martin                                                          
Michaels        Scott                                                           
Michaels        Turner                                                          
Michaels        Adams                                                           
Michaels        James                                                           
Michaels        Miller                                                          
Ward            King                                                            

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Ward            Jones                                                           
Ward            Blake                                                           
Ward            Raimi                                                           
Ward            Ford                                                            
Ward            Smith                                                           
Ward            Michaels                                                        
Ward            Ward                                                            
Ward            Martin                                                          
Ward            Scott                                                           
Ward            Turner                                                          
Ward            Adams                                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Ward            James                                                           
Ward            Miller                                                          
Martin          King                                                            
Martin          Jones                                                           
Martin          Blake                                                           
Martin          Raimi                                                           
Martin          Ford                                                            
Martin          Smith                                                           
Martin          Michaels                                                        
Martin          Ward                                                            
Martin          Martin                                                          

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Martin          Scott                                                           
Martin          Turner                                                          
Martin          Adams                                                           
Martin          James                                                           
Martin          Miller                                                          
Scott           King                                                            
Scott           Jones                                                           
Scott           Blake                                                           
Scott           Raimi                                                           
Scott           Ford                                                            
Scott           Smith                                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Scott           Michaels                                                        
Scott           Ward                                                            
Scott           Martin                                                          
Scott           Scott                                                           
Scott           Turner                                                          
Scott           Adams                                                           
Scott           James                                                           
Scott           Miller                                                          
Turner          King                                                            
Turner          Jones                                                           
Turner          Blake                                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Turner          Raimi                                                           
Turner          Ford                                                            
Turner          Smith                                                           
Turner          Michaels                                                        
Turner          Ward                                                            
Turner          Martin                                                          
Turner          Scott                                                           
Turner          Turner                                                          
Turner          Adams                                                           
Turner          James                                                           
Turner          Miller                                                          

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Adams           King                                                            
Adams           Jones                                                           
Adams           Blake                                                           
Adams           Raimi                                                           
Adams           Ford                                                            
Adams           Smith                                                           
Adams           Michaels                                                        
Adams           Ward                                                            
Adams           Martin                                                          
Adams           Scott                                                           
Adams           Turner                                                          

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Adams           Adams                                                           
Adams           James                                                           
Adams           Miller                                                          
James           King                                                            
James           Jones                                                           
James           Blake                                                           
James           Raimi                                                           
James           Ford                                                            
James           Smith                                                           
James           Michaels                                                        
James           Ward                                                            

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
James           Martin                                                          
James           Scott                                                           
James           Turner                                                          
James           Adams                                                           
James           James                                                           
James           Miller                                                          
Miller          King                                                            
Miller          Jones                                                           
Miller          Blake                                                           
Miller          Raimi                                                           
Miller          Ford                                                            

EMPL_LAST_NAME  EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                  
--------------- ---------------                                                 
Miller          Smith                                                           
Miller          Michaels                                                        
Miller          Ward                                                            
Miller          Martin                                                          
Miller          Scott                                                           
Miller          Turner                                                          
Miller          Adams                                                           
Miller          James                                                           
Miller          Miller                                                          
========
setting feedback back to default
========
showing default pagesize:
pagesize 14

EMPL EMPL_LAST_NAME  JOB_TITLE  MGR  HIREDATE      SALARY COMMISSION DEP        
---- --------------- ---------- ---- --------- ---------- ---------- ---        
7839 King            President       17-NOV-91       5000            500        
7566 Jones           Manager    7839 02-APR-91       2975            200        
7698 Blake           Manager    7839 01-MAY-91       2850            300        
7782 Raimi           Manager    7839 09-JUN-91       2450            100        
7902 Ford            Analyst    7566 03-DEC-91       3000            200        
7369 Smith           Clerk      7902 17-DEC-90        800            200        
7499 Michaels        Sales      7698 20-FEB-91       1600        300 300        
7521 Ward            Sales      7698 22-FEB-91       1250        500 300        
7654 Martin          Sales      7698 28-SEP-91       1250       1400 300        
7788 Scott           Analyst    7566 09-NOV-91       3000            200        
7844 Turner          Sales      7698 08-SEP-91       1500          0 300        

EMPL EMPL_LAST_NAME  JOB_TITLE  MGR  HIREDATE      SALARY COMMISSION DEP        
---- --------------- ---------- ---- --------- ---------- ---------- ---        
7876 Adams           Clerk      7788 23-SEP-91       1100            400        
7900 James           Clerk      7698 03-DEC-91        950            300        
7934 Miller          Clerk      7782 23-JAN-92       1300            100        

14 rows selected.

========
redo previous SQL statement with pagesize of 30:

EMPL EMPL_LAST_NAME  JOB_TITLE  MGR  HIREDATE      SALARY COMMISSION DEP        
---- --------------- ---------- ---- --------- ---------- ---------- ---        
7839 King            President       17-NOV-91       5000            500        
7566 Jones           Manager    7839 02-APR-91       2975            200        
7698 Blake           Manager    7839 01-MAY-91       2850            300        
7782 Raimi           Manager    7839 09-JUN-91       2450            100        
7902 Ford            Analyst    7566 03-DEC-91       3000            200        
7369 Smith           Clerk      7902 17-DEC-90        800            200        
7499 Michaels        Sales      7698 20-FEB-91       1600        300 300        
7521 Ward            Sales      7698 22-FEB-91       1250        500 300        
7654 Martin          Sales      7698 28-SEP-91       1250       1400 300        
7788 Scott           Analyst    7566 09-NOV-91       3000            200        
7844 Turner          Sales      7698 08-SEP-91       1500          0 300        
7876 Adams           Clerk      7788 23-SEP-91       1100            400        
7900 James           Clerk      7698 03-DEC-91        950            300        
7934 Miller          Clerk      7782 23-JAN-92       1300            100        

14 rows selected.

========
setting pagesize back to default of 14
========
showing default linesize:
linesize 80

DEP DEPT_NAME       DEPT_LOC                                                    
--- --------------- ---------------                                             
100 Accounting      New York                                                    
200 Research        Dallas                                                      
300 Sales           Chicago                                                     
400 Operations      Boston                                                      
500 Management      New York                                                    

========
redoing previous SQL statement with linesize 10:

DEP       
---       
DEPT_NAME 
----------
DEPT_LOC  
----------
100       
Accounting
New York  
          
200       
Research  
Dallas    

DEP       
---       
DEPT_NAME 
----------
DEPT_LOC  
----------
          
300       
Sales     
Chicago   
          
400       
Operations

DEP       
---       
DEPT_NAME 
----------
DEPT_LOC  
----------
Boston    
          
500       
Management
New York  
          

========
back to default linesize of 80
========
showing default newpage:
newpage 1

EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                                  
---------------                                                                 
King                                                                            
Jones                                                                           
Blake                                                                           
Raimi                                                                           
Ford                                                                            
Smith                                                                           
Michaels                                                                        
Ward                                                                            
Martin                                                                          
Scott                                                                           
Turner                                                                          

EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                                  
---------------                                                                 
Adams                                                                           
James                                                                           
Miller                                                                          

14 rows selected.

========
redoing previous SQL statement with a newpage value of 3:



EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                                  
---------------                                                                 
King                                                                            
Jones                                                                           
Blake                                                                           
Raimi                                                                           
Ford                                                                            
Smith                                                                           
Michaels                                                                        
Ward                                                                            
Martin                                                                          



EMPL_LAST_NAME                                                                  
---------------                                                                 
Scott                                                                           
Turner                                                                          
Adams                                                                           
James                                                                           
Miller                                                                          

14 rows selected.

========
resetting newpage back to default of 1

EMPL_LAST_NAME  JOB_TITLE      SALARY                                           
--------------- ---------- ----------                                           
King            President        5000                                           
Jones           Manager          2975                                           
Blake           Manager          2850                                           
Raimi           Manager          2450                                           
Ford            Analyst          3000                                           
Smith           Clerk             800                                           
Michaels        Sales            1600                                           
Ward            Sales            1250                                           
Martin          Sales            1250                                           
Scott           Analyst          3000                                           
Turner          Sales            1500                                           

EMPL_LAST_NAME  JOB_TITLE      SALARY                                           
--------------- ---------- ----------                                           
Adams           Clerk            1100                                           
James           Clerk             950                                           
Miller          Clerk            1300                                           

14 rows selected.

========
redoing previous SQL statement, now affected by col command
...for empl_last_name column:

Empl                                                                            
Last                                                                            
Name            JOB_TITLE      SALARY                                           
--------------- ---------- ----------                                           
King            President        5000                                           
Jones           Manager          2975                                           
Blake           Manager          2850                                           
Raimi           Manager          2450                                           
Ford            Analyst          3000                                           
Smith           Clerk             800                                           
Michaels        Sales            1600                                           
Ward            Sales            1250                                           
Martin          Sales            1250                                           

Empl                                                                            
Last                                                                            
Name            JOB_TITLE      SALARY                                           
--------------- ---------- ----------                                           
Scott           Analyst          3000                                           
Turner          Sales            1500                                           
Adams           Clerk            1100                                           
James           Clerk             950                                           
Miller          Clerk            1300                                           

14 rows selected.

========
redoing previous SQL statement, now affected by col command
...and for job_title column:

Empl                                                                            
Last                                                                            
Name            Job Title      SALARY                                           
--------------- ---------- ----------                                           
King            President        5000                                           
Jones           Manager          2975                                           
Blake           Manager          2850                                           
Raimi           Manager          2450                                           
Ford            Analyst          3000                                           
Smith           Clerk             800                                           
Michaels        Sales            1600                                           
Ward            Sales            1250                                           
Martin          Sales            1250                                           

Empl                                                                            
Last                                                                            
Name            Job Title      SALARY                                           
--------------- ---------- ----------                                           
Scott           Analyst          3000                                           
Turner          Sales            1500                                           
Adams           Clerk            1100                                           
James           Clerk             950                                           
Miller          Clerk            1300                                           

14 rows selected.

========
redoing previous SQL statement, now affected by col command
...and for salary column:

Empl                                                                            
Last                                                                            
Name            Job Title  Their Salary                                         
--------------- ---------- ------------                                         
King            President          5000                                         
Jones           Manager            2975                                         
Blake           Manager            2850                                         
Raimi           Manager            2450                                         
Ford            Analyst            3000                                         
Smith           Clerk               800                                         
Michaels        Sales              1600                                         
Ward            Sales              1250                                         
Martin          Sales              1250                                         

Empl                                                                            
Last                                                                            
Name            Job Title  Their Salary                                         
--------------- ---------- ------------                                         
Scott           Analyst            3000                                         
Turner          Sales              1500                                         
Adams           Clerk              1100                                         
James           Clerk               950                                         
Miller          Clerk              1300                                         

14 rows selected.

========
using col command to change format of empl_last_name column:

Employee                                                                        
Last Name                           Job Title  Their Salary                     
----------------------------------- ---------- ------------                     
King                                President          5000                     
Jones                               Manager            2975                     
Blake                               Manager            2850                     
Raimi                               Manager            2450                     
Ford                                Analyst            3000                     
Smith                               Clerk               800                     
Michaels                            Sales              1600                     
Ward                                Sales              1250                     
Martin                              Sales              1250                     
Scott                               Analyst            3000                     

Employee                                                                        
Last Name                           Job Title  Their Salary                     
----------------------------------- ---------- ------------                     
Turner                              Sales              1500                     
Adams                               Clerk              1100                     
James                               Clerk               950                     
Miller                              Clerk              1300                     

14 rows selected.

========
what if you forget the a in the format for a non-numeric column?
SP2-0246: Illegal FORMAT string "15"
========
what if format is narrower than your non-numeric column content?

Employee                                                                        
Last Name                           Job  Their Salary                           
----------------------------------- ---- ------------                           
King                                Pres         5000                           
                                    iden                                        
                                    t                                           
                                                                                
Jones                               Mana         2975                           
                                    ger                                         
                                                                                
Blake                               Mana         2850                           
                                    ger                                         
                                                                                

Employee                                                                        
Last Name                           Job  Their Salary                           
----------------------------------- ---- ------------                           
Raimi                               Mana         2450                           
                                    ger                                         
                                                                                
Ford                                Anal         3000                           
                                    yst                                         
                                                                                
Smith                               Cler          800                           
                                    k                                           
                                                                                
Michaels                            Sale         1600                           

Employee                                                                        
Last Name                           Job  Their Salary                           
----------------------------------- ---- ------------                           
                                    s                                           
                                                                                
Ward                                Sale         1250                           
                                    s                                           
                                                                                
Martin                              Sale         1250                           
                                    s                                           
                                                                                
Scott                               Anal         3000                           
                                    yst                                         

Employee                                                                        
Last Name                           Job  Their Salary                           
----------------------------------- ---- ------------                           
                                                                                
Turner                              Sale         1500                           
                                    s                                           
                                                                                
Adams                               Cler         1100                           
                                    k                                           
                                                                                
James                               Cler          950                           
                                    k                                           
                                                                                

Employee                                                                        
Last Name                           Job  Their Salary                           
----------------------------------- ---- ------------                           
Miller                              Cler         1300                           
                                    k                                           
                                                                                

14 rows selected.

========
note difference with TRUNCATED added to format:

Employee                                                                        
Last Name                           Jo Their Salary                             
----------------------------------- -- ------------                             
King                                Pr         5000                             
Jones                               Ma         2975                             
Blake                               Ma         2850                             
Raimi                               Ma         2450                             
Ford                                An         3000                             
Smith                               Cl          800                             
Michaels                            Sa         1600                             
Ward                                Sa         1250                             
Martin                              Sa         1250                             
Scott                               An         3000                             

Employee                                                                        
Last Name                           Jo Their Salary                             
----------------------------------- -- ------------                             
Turner                              Sa         1500                             
Adams                               Cl         1100                             
James                               Cl          950                             
Miller                              Cl         1300                             

14 rows selected.


3 rows deleted.


1 row created.


1 row created.


1 row created.


   PTG_NUM    PTR_NUM PTG_TITLE                                                 
---------- ---------- ------------------------------                            
         1        104 Mona Lisa                                                 
         2        104 Waterlilies                                               
         3        106 Yet four more                                             

========
using WOR (word wrapped) with format:

   PTG_NUM    PTR_NUM PTG_TIT                                                   
---------- ---------- -------                                                   
         1        104 Mona                                                      
                      Lisa                                                      
                                                                                
         2        104 Waterli                                                   
                      lies                                                      
                                                                                
         3        106 Yet                                                       
                      four                                                      
                      more                                                      
                                                                                

========
explicitly using default (for non-numeric data) of WRAPPED:

   PTG_NUM    PTR_NUM PTG_TIT                                                   
---------- ---------- -------                                                   
         1        104 Mona Li                                                   
                      sa                                                        
                                                                                
         2        104 Waterli                                                   
                      lies                                                      
                                                                                
         3        106 Yet fou                                                   
                      r more                                                    
                                                                                


Their Salary                                                                    
------------                                                                    
        5000                                                                    
        2975                                                                    
        2850                                                                    
        2450                                                                    
        3000                                                                    
         800                                                                    
        1600                                                                    
        1250                                                                    
        1250                                                                    
        3000                                                                    
        1500                                                                    

Their Salary                                                                    
------------                                                                    
        1100                                                                    
         950                                                                    
        1300                                                                    

14 rows selected.

========
using col command to give salary a heading:

       sal                                                                      
----------                                                                      
      5000                                                                      
      2975                                                                      
      2850                                                                      
      2450                                                                      
      3000                                                                      
       800                                                                      
      1600                                                                      
      1250                                                                      
      1250                                                                      
      3000                                                                      
      1500                                                                      

       sal                                                                      
----------                                                                      
      1100                                                                      
       950                                                                      
      1300                                                                      

14 rows selected.

========
using col command to give salary the format 999999999999:

          sal                                                                   
-------------                                                                   
         5000                                                                   
         2975                                                                   
         2850                                                                   
         2450                                                                   
         3000                                                                   
          800                                                                   
         1600                                                                   
         1250                                                                   
         1250                                                                   
         3000                                                                   
         1500                                                                   

          sal                                                                   
-------------                                                                   
         1100                                                                   
          950                                                                   
         1300                                                                   

14 rows selected.

========
using col command to give salary the format 99999:

   sal                                                                          
------                                                                          
  5000                                                                          
  2975                                                                          
  2850                                                                          
  2450                                                                          
  3000                                                                          
   800                                                                          
  1600                                                                          
  1250                                                                          
  1250                                                                          
  3000                                                                          
  1500                                                                          

   sal                                                                          
------                                                                          
  1100                                                                          
   950                                                                          
  1300                                                                          

14 rows selected.

========
using col command to give salary a TOO-SMALL format:

sal                                                                             
---                                                                             
 ##                                                                             
 ##                                                                             
 ##                                                                             
 ##                                                                             
 ##                                                                             
 ##                                                                             
 ##                                                                             
 ##                                                                             
 ##                                                                             
 ##                                                                             
 ##                                                                             

sal                                                                             
---                                                                             
 ##                                                                             
 ##                                                                             
 ##                                                                             

14 rows selected.

========
formatting to 3 fractional places:

       sal                                                                      
----------                                                                      
  5000.000                                                                      
  2975.000                                                                      
  2850.000                                                                      
  2450.000                                                                      
  3000.000                                                                      
   800.000                                                                      
  1600.000                                                                      
  1250.000                                                                      
  1250.000                                                                      
  3000.000                                                                      
  1500.000                                                                      

       sal                                                                      
----------                                                                      
  1100.000                                                                      
   950.000                                                                      
  1300.000                                                                      

14 rows selected.

========
adding a dollar sign, comma, and 2 fractional places
to a column that is a salary average computation:

MGR   AVG(SALARY)                                                               
---- ------------                                                               
        $5,000.00                                                               
7902      $800.00                                                               
7839    $2,758.33                                                               
7566    $3,000.00                                                               
7698    $1,310.00                                                               
7782    $1,300.00                                                               
7788    $1,100.00                                                               

7 rows selected.

========
(and, again, the effect if numeric format is too small):

MGR  AVG(SALARY)                                                                
---- -----------                                                                
        ########                                                                
7902     $800.00                                                                
7839    ########                                                                
7566    ########                                                                
7698    ########                                                                
7782    ########                                                                
7788    ########                                                                

7 rows selected.

========
answering the question: is a displayed numeric value rounded
or truncated?

Part 1: displaying the value 3.7 with default format
(with the help of the special table DUAL):

       VAL                                                                      
----------                                                                      
       3.7                                                                      

========
Part 2: now displaying this value with the format 99:

VAL                                                                             
---                                                                             
  4                                                                             

========
quick demo of how you can get leading 0s if you WANT them
(with format string 099999):

    sal                                                                         
-------                                                                         
 005000                                                                         
 002975                                                                         
 002850                                                                         
 002450                                                                         
 003000                                                                         
 000800                                                                         
 001600                                                                         
 001250                                                                         
 001250                                                                         
 003000                                                                         
 001500                                                                         

    sal                                                                         
-------                                                                         
 001100                                                                         
 000950                                                                         
 001300                                                                         

14 rows selected.

========
a query with results ordered by dept_num:

    Employee                                                                    
DEP Last Name             sal                                                   
--- --------------- ---------                                                   
100 Miller              $1300                                                   
100 Raimi               $2450                                                   
200 Scott               $3000                                                   
200 Jones               $2975                                                   
200 Ford                $3000                                                   
200 Smith                $800                                                   
300 Martin              $1250                                                   
300 Ward                $1250                                                   
300 Blake               $2850                                                   
300 Michaels            $1600                                                   

    Employee                                                                    
DEP Last Name             sal                                                   
--- --------------- ---------                                                   
300 James                $950                                                   
300 Turner              $1500                                                   
400 Adams               $1100                                                   
500 King                $5000                                                   

14 rows selected.

========
break gives you a way to suppress repeated
display of a column when
ordered by that column
========
...and the same query, now with a break on dept_num:

    Employee                                                                    
DEP Last Name             sal                                                   
--- --------------- ---------                                                   
100 Miller              $1300                                                   
    Raimi               $2450                                                   
200 Scott               $3000                                                   
    Jones               $2975                                                   
    Ford                $3000                                                   
    Smith                $800                                                   
300 Martin              $1250                                                   
    Ward                $1250                                                   
    Blake               $2850                                                   
    Michaels            $1600                                                   

    Employee                                                                    
DEP Last Name             sal                                                   
--- --------------- ---------                                                   
300 James                $950                                                   
    Turner              $1500                                                   
400 Adams               $1100                                                   
500 King                $5000                                                   

14 rows selected.

========
it is WEIRD to break on a column you
are not ordering by!

Employee                                                                        
Last Name       DEP                                                             
--------------- ---                                                             
King            500                                                             
Jones           200                                                             
Blake           300                                                             
Raimi           100                                                             
Ford            200                                                             
Smith                                                                           
Michaels        300                                                             
Ward                                                                            
Martin                                                                          
Scott           200                                                             

Employee                                                                        
Last Name       DEP                                                             
--------------- ---                                                             
Turner          300                                                             
Adams           400                                                             
James           300                                                             
Miller          100                                                             

14 rows selected.

========
back to using break on dept_num with a query ordered by
dept_num:

    Employee                                                                    
DEP Last Name             sal                                                   
--- --------------- ---------                                                   
100 Miller              $1300                                                   
    Raimi               $2450                                                   
200 Scott               $3000                                                   
    Jones               $2975                                                   
    Ford                $3000                                                   
    Smith                $800                                                   
300 Martin              $1250                                                   
    Ward                $1250                                                   
    Blake               $2850                                                   
    Michaels            $1600                                                   

    Employee                                                                    
DEP Last Name             sal                                                   
--- --------------- ---------                                                   
300 James                $950                                                   
    Turner              $1500                                                   
400 Adams               $1100                                                   
500 King                $5000                                                   

14 rows selected.

========
to add a skipped line between breaks,
add skip to your break command

    Employee                                                                    
DEP Last Name             sal                                                   
--- --------------- ---------                                                   
100 Miller              $1300                                                   
    Raimi               $2450                                                   
                                                                                
200 Scott               $3000                                                   
    Jones               $2975                                                   
    Ford                $3000                                                   
    Smith                $800                                                   
                                                                                
300 Martin              $1250                                                   
    Ward                $1250                                                   

    Employee                                                                    
DEP Last Name             sal                                                   
--- --------------- ---------                                                   
300 Blake               $2850                                                   
    Michaels            $1600                                                   
    James                $950                                                   
    Turner              $1500                                                   
                                                                                
400 Adams               $1100                                                   
                                                                                
500 King                $5000                                                   
                                                                                

14 rows selected.

========
now ordering by dept_num, then mgr

         Employee                                                               
DEP MGR  Last Name             sal                                              
--- ---- --------------- ---------                                              
100 7782 Miller              $1300                                              
    7839 Raimi               $2450                                              
                                                                                
200 7566 Scott               $3000                                              
    7566 Ford                $3000                                              
    7839 Jones               $2975                                              
    7902 Smith                $800                                              
                                                                                
300 7698 Michaels            $1600                                              
    7698 James                $950                                              

         Employee                                                               
DEP MGR  Last Name             sal                                              
--- ---- --------------- ---------                                              
300 7698 Turner              $1500                                              
    7698 Ward                $1250                                              
    7698 Martin              $1250                                              
    7839 Blake               $2850                                              
                                                                                
400 7788 Adams               $1100                                              
                                                                                
500      King                $5000                                              
                                                                                

14 rows selected.

========
demo of saying you want to break on dept_num and mgr
in a SINGLE break command:

         Employee                                                               
DEP MGR  Last Name             sal                                              
--- ---- --------------- ---------                                              
100 7782 Miller              $1300                                              
    7839 Raimi               $2450                                              
200 7566 Scott               $3000                                              
         Ford                $3000                                              
    7839 Jones               $2975                                              
    7902 Smith                $800                                              
300 7698 Michaels            $1600                                              
         James                $950                                              
         Turner              $1500                                              
         Ward                $1250                                              

         Employee                                                               
DEP MGR  Last Name             sal                                              
--- ---- --------------- ---------                                              
300 7698 Martin              $1250                                              
    7839 Blake               $2850                                              
400 7788 Adams               $1100                                              
500      King                $5000                                              

14 rows selected.

========
...and can skip different amounts for the different
columns you are breaking on:

         Employee                                                               
DEP MGR  Last Name             sal                                              
--- ---- --------------- ---------                                              
100 7782 Miller              $1300                                              
    7839 Raimi               $2450                                              
                                                                                
200 7566 Scott               $3000                                              
         Ford                $3000                                              
    7839 Jones               $2975                                              
    7902 Smith                $800                                              
                                                                                
300 7698 Michaels            $1600                                              
         James                $950                                              

         Employee                                                               
DEP MGR  Last Name             sal                                              
--- ---- --------------- ---------                                              
300 7698 Turner              $1500                                              
         Ward                $1250                                              
         Martin              $1250                                              
    7839 Blake               $2850                                              
                                                                                
400 7788 Adams               $1100                                              
                                                                                
500      King                $5000                                              
                                                                                

14 rows selected.

========
example using compute:

         Employee                                                               
DEP MGR  Last Name             sal                                              
--- ---- --------------- ---------                                              
100 7782 Miller              $1300                                              
    7839 Raimi               $2450                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $1875                                              
min                          $1300                                              
max                          $2450                                              
                                                                                
200 7566 Scott               $3000                                              
         Ford                $3000                                              
    7839 Jones               $2975                                              

         Employee                                                               
DEP MGR  Last Name             sal                                              
--- ---- --------------- ---------                                              
200 7902 Smith                $800                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $2444                                              
min                           $800                                              
max                          $3000                                              
                                                                                
300 7698 Michaels            $1600                                              
         James                $950                                              
         Turner              $1500                                              
         Ward                $1250                                              

         Employee                                                               
DEP MGR  Last Name             sal                                              
--- ---- --------------- ---------                                              
300 7698 Martin              $1250                                              
    7839 Blake               $2850                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $1567                                              
min                           $950                                              
max                          $2850                                              
                                                                                
400 7788 Adams               $1100                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $1100                                              

         Employee                                                               
DEP MGR  Last Name             sal                                              
--- ---- --------------- ---------                                              
min                          $1100                                              
max                          $1100                                              
                                                                                
500      King                $5000                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $5000                                              
min                          $5000                                              
max                          $5000                                              
                                                                                

14 rows selected.

========
to see your current values for break, column, compute:
break on dept_num skip 1 nodup
          on mgr nodup

COMPUTE avg LABEL 'avg' minimum LABEL 'minimum' maximum LABEL 'maximum' OF salary ON dept_num
COLUMN   val ON
FORMAT   99

COLUMN   avg(salary) ON
FORMAT   $999.99

COLUMN   ptg_title ON
FORMAT   a7
wrap 

COLUMN   salary ON
HEADING  'sal'
FORMAT   $9999999

COLUMN   job_title ON
HEADING  'Job Title'
FORMAT   a2
truncate 

COLUMN   empl_last_name ON
HEADING  'Employee|Last Name' headsep '|'
FORMAT   a15
========
ttitle to get a nice top title
========
btitle to get a nice bottom title

Thu Dec 01                                                             page    1
                                 Beautiful Top
                                 Two-line Title

         Employee                                                               
DEP MGR  Last Name             sal                                              
--- ---- --------------- ---------                                              
100 7782 Miller              $1300                                              
    7839 Raimi               $2450                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $1875                                              
min                          $1300                                              
max                          $2450                                              
                                                                                
200 7566 Scott               $3000                                              
         Ford                $3000                                              
    7839 Jones               $2975                                              
    7902 Smith                $800                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $2444                                              
min                           $800                                              
max                          $3000                                              
                                                                                
300 7698 Michaels            $1600                                              
         James                $950                                              
         Turner              $1500                                              
                                     Three
                                      Line
                                  BottomTitle

Thu Dec 01                                                             page    2
                                 Beautiful Top
                                 Two-line Title

         Employee                                                               
DEP MGR  Last Name             sal                                              
--- ---- --------------- ---------                                              
300 7698 Ward                $1250                                              
         Martin              $1250                                              
    7839 Blake               $2850                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $1567                                              
min                           $950                                              
max                          $2850                                              
                                                                                
400 7788 Adams               $1100                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $1100                                              
min                          $1100                                              
max                          $1100                                              
                                                                                
500      King                $5000                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $5000                                              
min                          $5000                                              
max                          $5000                                              
                                     Three
                                      Line
                                  BottomTitle

14 rows selected.

========
to get rid of ttitles and btitles

         Employee                                                               
DEP MGR  Last Name             sal                                              
--- ---- --------------- ---------                                              
100 7782 Miller              $1300                                              
    7839 Raimi               $2450                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $1875                                              
min                          $1300                                              
max                          $2450                                              
                                                                                
200 7566 Scott               $3000                                              
         Ford                $3000                                              
    7839 Jones               $2975                                              
    7902 Smith                $800                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $2444                                              
min                           $800                                              
max                          $3000                                              
                                                                                
300 7698 Michaels            $1600                                              
         James                $950                                              
         Turner              $1500                                              
         Ward                $1250                                              
         Martin              $1250                                              
    7839 Blake               $2850                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $1567                                              
min                           $950                                              
max                          $2850                                              

         Employee                                                               
DEP MGR  Last Name             sal                                              
--- ---- --------------- ---------                                              
                                                                                
400 7788 Adams               $1100                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $1100                                              
min                          $1100                                              
max                          $1100                                              
                                                                                
500      King                $5000                                              
*** ****                 ---------                                              
avg                          $5000                                              
min                          $5000                                              
max                          $5000                                              
                                                                                

14 rows selected.