Gluconeogenesis and Glycolytic Control
- Know the major branch points and entry points for sugars
in carbohydrate metabolism (see metabolism handouts):
- Know the "bypass" reactions of gluconeogenesis.
- How is glycolysis/gluconeogenesis linked to Kreb's Cycle?
- What is a futile cycle?
- Is a futile cycle always futile or can it be useful?
- Know how glycolysis/gluconeogenesis controlled.
- Note the hierarchy of control.
- In what senses does PFK function as the main and most important
control enzyme in glycolysis.
- Know what substances act as effectors for PFK and how they
work.
- ATP
- AMP
- Why is AMP used as the physiological regulator of PFK activity
in advanced organisms (modern bacteria - eukaryotes)
- Know how PFK activity indirectly affects the activities of
the other control enzymes of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis.
- HK (PFK reactant feedback inhibition)
- PK (PFK product feed-forward activation)
- Be able to discuss in detail the regulation of carbohydrate
metabolism and, in particular, the regulation of PFK.
Metabolism
of Non-Glucose Carbohydrates
Give a pathway for the breakdown of glycerol to acetyCoA,
naming enzyme types and energy steps. KEY
- Assuming aerobic metabolism, what is the net energy yield
for this pathway in ATP units? KEY
Give a pathway for the anaerobic breakdown of fructose
to lactate, naming enzyme types and energy steps.
(Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis Diagram)
- What is the net energy yield for this pathway in ATP units? KEY
Give pathways for the breakdown of Fructose, Mannose, and
Galactose to acetyCoA, naming enzyme types and energy steps.
- Assuming aerobic metabolism, what is the net energy yield
for these pathways in ATP units?
What are the main entrance/exit points of carbohydrate metabolism? KEY
©R A Paselk
Last modified 3 April 2013
