Vitamins

Data and most vitamin structures courtesy of Wikipedia Commons article on Vitamins and links to individual vitamins

Vitamin generic descriptor name Vitamer chemical name(s) (list not complete Solubility Structure Diagram Deficiency disease Overdose disease

Vitamin B1 Thiamine Water Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Drowsiness or muscle relaxation with large doses.[21]

Vitamin B2 Riboflavin Water Ariboflavinosis

Vitamin B3 Niacin, niacinamide Water Pellagra Liver damage (doses > 2g/day)[22] and other problems

Vitamin B5 Pantothenic acid Water Paresthesia Diarrhea; possibly nausea and heartburn.[24]

Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal Water Anemia[25] peripheral neuropathy. Impairment of proprioception, nerve damage (doses > 100 mg/day)

Vitamin B7 Biotin Water Dermatitis, enteritis

Vitamin B9 Folic acid, folinic acid Water Megaloblast and Deficiency during pregnancy is associated with birth defects, such as neural tube defects May mask symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency; other effects.

Vitamin B12 Cyanocobalamin, hydroxycobalamin, methylcobalamin Water Megaloblastic anemia[26] Acne-like rash [causality is not conclusively established].

Vitamin C Ascorbic acid Water Scurvy Vitamin C megadosage

Vitamin A Retinol, retinal, and four carotenoids including beta carotene Fat Night-blindness, Hyperkeratosis, and Keratomalacia[19] Hypervitaminosis A

Vitamin D Ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol Fat Rickets and Osteomalacia Hypervitaminosis D

Vitamin E Tocopherols, tocotrienols Fat Deficiency is very rare; mild hemolytic anemia in newborn infants.[28] Increased congestive heart failure seen in one large randomized study.[29]

Vitamin K phylloquinone, menaquinones Fat Bleeding diathesis Increases coagulation in patients taking warfarin.[30]

Vitamin generic descriptor name	Vitamer chemical name(s) (list not complete	Solubility	Deficiency disease	Overdose disease
Vitamin B1	Thiamine	Water	Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome	Drowsiness or muscle relaxation with large doses.[21]
Vitamin B2	Riboflavin	Water	Ariboflavinosis
Vitamin B3	Niacin, niacinamide	Water	Pellagra	Liver damage (doses > 2g/day)[22] and other problems
Vitamin B5	Pantothenic acid	Water	Paresthesia	Diarrhea; possibly nausea and heartburn.[24]
Vitamin B6	Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal	Water	Anemia[25] peripheral neuropathy.	Impairment of proprioception, nerve damage (doses > 100 mg/day)
Vitamin B7	Biotin	Water	Dermatitis, enteritis
Vitamin B9	Folic acid, folinic acid	Water	Megaloblast and Deficiency during pregnancy is associated with birth defects, such as neural tube defects	May mask symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency; other effects.
Vitamin B12	Cyanocobalamin, hydroxycobalamin, methylcobalamin	Water	Megaloblastic anemia[26]	Acne-like rash [causality is not conclusively established].
Vitamin C	Ascorbic acid	Water	Scurvy	Vitamin C megadosage
Vitamin A	Retinol, retinal, and four carotenoids including beta carotene	Fat	Night-blindness, Hyperkeratosis, and Keratomalacia[19]	Hypervitaminosis A
Vitamin D	Ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol	Fat	Rickets and Osteomalacia	Hypervitaminosis D
Vitamin E	Tocopherols, tocotrienols	Fat	Deficiency is very rare; mild hemolytic anemia in newborn infants.[28]	Increased congestive heart failure seen in one large randomized study.[29]
Vitamin K	phylloquinone, menaquinones	Fat	Bleeding diathesis	Increases coagulation in patients taking warfarin.[30]