Trigonal bipyramidal with angles of 90° & 120° (PCl₅)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Seesaw with angles of 90° & 120° (SF₄)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

T-shaped with angles of 90° (ClF₃)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Linear with angles of 180° (I₃^-)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Octahedral with angles of 90° (AsF₆^-)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tetragonal pyramidal with angles of 90° (ICl₅)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Square planar with angles of 90° (XeF₄)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Polarity in Covalent Molecules

Molecule	Geometry	Structure	Electronegativities	Bond Dipoles	Molecular Dipole	Model
Carbon monoxide	linear	C:::O	ENC= 2.5, ENO= 3.5
Carbon dioxide	linear	O=C=O	ENC= 2.5, ENO= 3.5		None: two dipoles are of equal magnitude, but opposite in direction and cancel.
Water	bent		ENH= 2.1, ENO= 3.5
Ammonia	trigonal pyramidal		ENH= 2.1, ENN= 3.0
Ammonium ion	tetrahedral		ENH= 2.1, ENN= 3.0		None: four dipoles are symmetrically arranged to cancel each other out and give a spherically charged but non-polar ion.