Equation:

 C₈H₁₈

+

O₂

CO₂

+

H₂O

Balancing:

 2 C₈H₁₈

+

25 O₂

16 CO₂

+

18 H₂O

Stoichiometry (n or V):

2

:

25

:

16

:

18

Before reaction:

 1 L

12.5 L

0

0

After reaction:

8 L

9 L

Equation:

 C₈H₁₈

+

O₂

CO₂

+

H₂O

Balancing:

 2 C₈H₁₈

+

25 O₂

16 CO₂

+

18 H₂O

Stoichiometry (n or V):

2

:

25

:

16

:

18

Before reaction:

 0.025 L

0.600 L

0

0

Equation:

 C₈H₁₈

+

O₂

CO₂

+

H₂O

Balancing:

 2 C₈H₁₈

+

25 O₂

16 CO₂

+

18 H₂O

Stoichiometry (n or V):

2

:

25

:

16

:

18

Before reaction:

 0.025 L

0.600 L

0

0

• V octane required to react with 0.600 L oxygen = {2/25}{0.600 L} = 0.048 L, more than available, so octane limits;

• O₂ = 0.600 - (25/2)(0.025) = 0.600-0.3125 = 0.288 L,

• From V octane can then find V CO₂ = (16/2)(0.025) = 0.200 L and V H₂O = (18/2)(0.025) = 0.225 L

After reaction:

0 L

0.288 L

0.200 L

0.225 L