Ch109_LectureNotes

**Periodic Table of the Elements**
	IA	IIA											IIIA	IVA	VA	VIA	VIIA	VIIIA
H																		He
2	Li	Be											B	C	N	O	F	Ne
3	Na	Mg	IIIB	IVB	VB	VI	VIIB	VIIIB			IB	IIB	Al	Si	P	S	Cl	Ar
4	K	Ca	Sc	Ti	V	Cr	Mn	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
5	Rb	Sr	Y	Zr	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	Ag	Cd	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I	Xe
6	Cs	Ba	Lu	Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg	Tl	Pb	Bi	Po	At	Rn
	s¹	s²	d¹	d²	d³	d⁴	d⁵	d⁶	d⁷	d⁸	d⁹	d¹⁰	p¹	p²	p³	p⁴	p⁵	p⁶

Na⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s⁰ or [Ne] 3s⁰ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ or [Ne]

Ni²⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s⁰ 3d⁸ or [Ar] 4s⁰ 3d⁸ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ or [Ar] 3d⁸

Fe²⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s⁰ 3d⁵ or [Ar] 4s⁰ 3d⁶ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶3d⁶ or [Ar] 3d⁶

**Periodic Table of the Elements**
	IA	IIA											IIIA	IVA	VA	VIA	VIIA	VIIIA
H																		He
2	Li	Be											B	C	N	O	F	Ne
3	Na	Mg	IIIB	IVB	VB	VI	VIIB	VIIIB			IB	IIB	Al	Si	P	S	Cl	Ar
4	K	Ca	Sc	Ti	V	Cr	Mn	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
5	Rb	Sr	Y	Zr	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	Ag	Cd	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I	Xe
6	Cs	Ba	Lu	Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg	Tl	Pb	Bi	Po	At	Rn
	s¹	s²	d¹	d²	d³	d⁴	d⁵	d⁶	d⁷	d⁸	d⁹	d¹⁰	p¹	p²	p³	p⁴	p⁵	p⁶

Cr: expect [Ar] 4s²3d⁴
- but instead see [Ar] 4s¹3d⁵
Cu: expect [Ar] 4s²3d⁹
- but instead see [Ar] 4s¹3d¹⁰
Cu¹⁺: might expect 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁹4s¹ or [Ar] 3d⁹ 4s¹
- 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰4s⁰ or [Ar]3d¹⁰4s⁰ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶3d¹⁰ or [Ar] 3d¹⁰
Zn²⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ or [Ar] 3d¹⁰
Fe³⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶3d⁵ or [Ar] 3d⁵ (Note can lose 3d⁵to give the symmetrical 3d⁵ arrangement.)

© R A Paselk

Last modified 29 March 2013