Ch109_LectureNotes

Periodic Table of the Elements

IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA

H He

2 Li Be B C N O F Ne

3 Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VI VIIB VIIIB IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar

4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

6 Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

s¹ s² d¹ d² d³ d⁴ d⁵ d⁶ d⁷ d⁸ d⁹ d¹⁰ p¹ p² p³ p⁴ p⁵ p⁶

Na⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s⁰ or [Ne] 3s⁰ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ or [Ne]
Cu²⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s⁰ 3d⁹ or [Ar] 4s⁰ 3d⁹ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁹ or [Ar] 3d⁹
Fe³⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s⁰ 3d⁵ or [Ar] 4s⁰ 3d⁵ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶3d⁵ or [Ar] 3d⁵

**Periodic Table of the Elements**
	IA	IIA											IIIA	IVA	VA	VIA	VIIA	VIIIA
H																		He
2	Li	Be											B	C	N	O	F	Ne
3	Na	Mg	IIIB	IVB	VB	VI	VIIB	VIIIB			IB	IIB	Al	Si	P	S	Cl	Ar
4	K	Ca	Sc	Ti	V	Cr	Mn	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
5	Rb	Sr	Y	Zr	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	Ag	Cd	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I	Xe
6	Cs	Ba	Lu	Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg	Tl	Pb	Bi	Po	At	Rn
	s¹	s²	d¹	d²	d³	d⁴	d⁵	d⁶	d⁷	d⁸	d⁹	d¹⁰	p¹	p²	p³	p⁴	p⁵	p⁶

Cr: expect [Ar] 4s²3d⁴
- but instead see [Ar] 4s¹3d⁵
Cu: expect [Ar] 4s²3d⁹
- but instead see [Ar] 4s¹3d¹⁰
Cu¹⁺: might expect 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁹4s¹ or [Ar] 3d⁹ 4s¹
- 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰4s⁰ or [Ar]3d¹⁰4s⁰ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶3d¹⁰ or [Ar]3d¹⁰
Zn²⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ or [Ar]3d¹⁰

Name	Lewis Structure	Kernel electrons	Valence electrons
Sodium	Na^.	1s² 2s² 2p⁶	3s¹
Phosphorus		1s² 2s² 2p⁶	3s² 3p³
Bromine		1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ (≠ [Ar] = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ )	4s²4p⁵

© R A Paselk

Last modified 27 March 2009