Humboldt State University ® Department of Chemistry

Richard A. Paselk

Chem 107	Fundamentals of Chemistry	Fall 2009
Lecture Notes: Nomenclature	© R. Paselk 2005
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Polyatomic ions - memorize:

• ammonium ion: NH₄⁺
• cyanide ion: CN^-
• carbonate ion: CO₃^2-
• nitrate ion: NO₃^-
• nitrite ion: NO₂^-
• phosphate ion: PO₄^3-
• sulfite ion: SO₃^2-
• oxalate ion: C₂O₄^2-
• hydroxide ion: OH^-
• acetate ion: C₂H₃O₂^-
• bicarbonate ion: HCO₃^-
• sulfate ion: SO₄^2-

Salts (Ionic Compounds) and Bases:

• potassium chloride: KCl
• sodium hydrogen sulfate (sodium bisulfate): NaH₂SO₄
• aluminum hydroxide: Al(OH)₃
• iron(III) carbonate: Fe₂(CO₃)₃
• iron(III) hydrogen carbonate (iron(III) bicarbonate): Fe(HCO₃)₃
• ammonium phosphate: (NH₄)₃PO₄
• copper(I) oxalate: Cu₂C₂O₄
• calcium hydroxide: Ca(OH)₂

Acids: There are two common inorganic acid types in terms of nomenclature:

• Hydro - - ic acids:
  • HBr: hydrobromic acid
  • HCl: hydrochloric acid

• Oxo acids:
  • carbonic acid: H₂ CO₃
  • sulfuric acid: H₂SO₄
  • acetic acid: HC₂H₃O₂
  • nitric: HNO₃
  • Chloroacids (Hydrochlorous acid, Chlorous acid, Chloric acid, Perchloric acid): HClO, HClO₂, HClO₃, HClO₄

Special names:

• Water: H₂O
• methane: CH₄
• ammonia: NH₃
• hydrogen peroxide: H₂O₂

Oxidation Number examples:

OH^-: Rule 1 & 3 gives -2 + H = -1, H = -1 - (-2) = -1

MgH₂: Rule 1 & 6 gives +2 + 2H = 0, 2H = -2, H = -1

NH₄⁺: Rule 1 & 4 gives 4(+1) + N = +1, N = +1 - (+4) = -3

CO₃^2-: Rule 1 & 3 gives C + 3(-2) = -2, C = -2 - (-6) = +4

NO₃^-: Rule 1 & 3 gives N + 3(-2) = -1, N = -1 -(-6) = +5

NO₂^-: Rule 1 & 3 gives N + 2(-2) = -1, N = -1 - (-4) = +3

PO₄^3-: Rule 1 & 3 gives P + 4(-2) = -3, P = -3 - (-8) = +5

SO₃^2-: Rule 1 & 3 gives S + 3(-2) = -2, S = -2 - (-6) = +4

SO₄^2-: Rule 1 & 3 gives S + 4(-2) = -2, S = -2 - (-8) = + 6

C₂O₄^2-: Rule 1 & 3 gives 2C + 4(-2) = -2, 2C = -2 - (-8) = +6, C = +3

C₂H₃O₂^-: Rule 1 & 3 & 4 gives 2C + 3(+1) + 2(-2) = -1, 2C = -1 - (+3) - (-4) = 0, C = 0

HCO₃^-: Rule 1 & 3 & 4 gives C + 3(-2) + 1 = -1, C = -1 - (-6) - (+1) = +4

MnO₄^-: Rule 1 & 3 gives Mn + 4(-2) = -1, Mn = -1 - (-8) = +7

MnO₂: Rule 1 & 3 gives Mn + 2(-2) = 0, Mn = - (-4) = +4

HClO₄: Rule 1 & 3 & 4 gives +1 + Cl + 4(-2) = 0, Cl = -1 - (-8) = +7

HClO₃: Rule 1 & 3 & 4 gives +1 + Cl + 3(-2) = 0, Cl = -1 - (-6) = +5

HClO₂: Rule 1 & 3 & 4 gives +1 + Cl + 2(-2) = 0, Cl = -1 - (-4) = +3

HClO: Rule 1 & 3 & 4 gives +1 + Cl + (-2) = 0, Cl = -1 - (-2) = +1

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© R A Paselk

Last modified 7 December 2009