Required

• Muhamad M. Badawi, "Introduction" to A Short History of Modern Arabic Literature
• Edward Said, excerpts from Orientalism

Recommended

Orientation: Islam, Africa, and the Middle East

• Ali A. Mazrui, "Where Is Africa?" (pdf [large file; may take time to load and/or display] | html)
• Colonialism in the Middle East:
  • Audrey Shabbas, "Colonialism"
  • Elias D. Mallon, "Colonial Creations: Sykes-Picot and the Making of the Modern Middle East" (America: The National Catholic Review)
  • Nigel Ashton, review of Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914-1958 (Reviews in History)
  • "British Imperialism in the Middle East" (What When How)
• Audrey Shabbas, "An Introduction to Islam"

Orientalism and Islamophobia

• "Orientalism" (Postcolonial Studies @ Emory)
• Orientalism, a website maintained by Jim Dexheimer of Western Michigan University
• Edward Said, "Islam Through Western Eyes" (The Nation 26 April 1980)
• Rana Kabbani, Preface to Imperial Fictions: Europe’s Myths of Orient
• John L. Esposito, "Political Islam: Beyond the Green Menace"
• Moustafa Bayoumi, "Fear and Loathing of Islam" and/or Laila Lalami, "Islamophobia and Its Discontents" (The Nation 2 July 2012)
• Laurence Michalak, "The Arab in American Cinema" and/or Jack Shaheen, "The Making of the 'Green Menace'" (The Nation 2 July 2012)
  • The HSU Library own copies of Jack Shaheen's book Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People (and of the Media Education Foundation's film of the same name). Jackie Salloum's nine-minute short, Planet of the Arabs, inspired by Shaheen, can be viewed online on YouTube or Vimeo. (Maymanah Sharhat's scholarly review of the latter film, "New Media and the Spectacle of the War On Terror," is a serviceable introduction to Islamophobia and the politics of representation.)
• See also the section entitled "Arabs and Islam in/and the West" on the General Reference page of this website