EQUAL PROTECTION AND CITIZENSHIP

Citizenship and Alienage

The States

The Slaughterhouse Case; 16 Wall 36 (1873)
Graham v. Richardson (1971)
in re Griffiths (1973)
Sugarman v. Dougall (1973)
Amback v. Norwich (1979)
Plyler v. Doe (1982)
Alexander v. Sandovol (2001)

The Federal Government

United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898)
Trop v Dulles (1954) Loss of Citizenship
Matthews v. Diaz (1976)
Reno, v. American Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (1999)
Zadvidas v. Davis (2001)
Demore et. al. v. Kim (2003) Detainment without bond

"Separate, But Equal"

Plessy v. Furgeson (1896)
Sweatt v. Painter (1950)

The End of "Separate, But Equal"

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Brown II (1955)
Bolling v. Sharpe (1954)
Cooper v. Aaron (1958)
Green v. County School Board (1968)
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education (1971)
Miliken v. Bradley (1974)
Missouri v. Jenkins (1990)
Board of Education of Oklahoma Public Schools v. Dowell (1991)
Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority (1961) Other public facilities

Private Facilities

Heart of Atlanta Hotel v. United States (1964)
Katzenbach v. McClung (1964)
Daniel v. Paul (1969)
Runyon v. McCrary (1976)
Patterson v. McClean Credit Union (1988)

Affirmative Action and Quotas

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
Chappel v. Wallace (1983) Discrimination In the Military
City of Richmond v. J A Croson (1989)
Metro Broadcasting Inc. v. FCC (1990)
Adarand Construscion Inc. v. Pena (1995)
Hopwood v.State of Texas (1996) Race Based College Admissions
Gratz V. Bollinger (2003) U of Michigan Case (undergrad)
Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) U of Michigan case (Law School)

Selective Law Enforcement - Racial Profiling

United States v. Armstrong (1996)

Sex Discrimination

Reed v. Reed (1971)
Frontiero v. Richardson (1973)
Craig v. Boren (1976)
Rostker v. Goldberg (1981)
Schlessinger v. Ballard (1975)
International Union Automobile Workers Union et. al. v v. Johnson Control Inc. (1991)
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan (1982) Single Sex Public Universities
United States v. Virginia (1996) VMI

Sexual Harassment

Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson (1986)
Franklin v. Gwinnette County Public Schools (1991)
Fafagher v. City of Boca Raton (1998)
Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services (1998)

Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Preference

Romer v. Evans (1996)
Hurley v. Irish Gay Group of Boston (1995)
Boy Scouts of America v Dale (2000)
Commonwealth's Attorney for the City of Richmond v. Doe (1976)
Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)
Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

Voting, Elections, and Equal Protection

Baker v. Carr (1962)
Gray v. Sanders (1964)
Westbury v. Sanders (1964)
Gomillion v. Lightfoot (1962)
Reynolds v. Simms (1964)
Miller v. Johnson (1995)
Bush v. Gore (2000)
Georgia v. Ashcroft (2003)