Introduction
Sneaker waves are large waves that seem to come out of nowhere, the waves can catch visitors and their dogs off guard and quickly pull them into the ocean where survival is unlikely due to strong currents and very cold water. It is of the Surfrider Foundation’s opinion that the existing regulatory signage does not adequately inform park visitors about the potential hazards of sneaker waves on the park’s steep, coarse sand beaches.
The purpose of this project is to use observational and survey data to further the research on the effectiveness of interpretive signs at capturing the visitor’s attention and changing their behavior at Humboldt Lagoons State Park. The data collected will be subsequently used in the design, construction and installation of three new informational interpretive signs which more effectively inform park visitors about the potential dangers posed by sneaker waves.
Powerful interpretive park signs go beyond simply informing the visitor. An effective sign relates the information provided to something the visitor already knows and cares about. Interpretive signs provide park visitors a way in which to take control of their own learning by making the experience meaningful and personal to them (Wandersee and Clary, 2007).
Furthermore, interpretive signs should presuppose no detailed knowledge, rather they should try to avoid technical terms or define them when deemed necessary (MoBot, 2003). Interpretive signs containing these elements have demonstrated to be effective in changing people’s attitudes and behavior (Hooper and Weiss, 1991), and it is this change in the behavioral reactions of the visitors which will ultimately save lives.
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Goals and Objectives
The overall goal of this project will be to replace the existing regulatory signage at three Humboldt Lagoons State Park beach access points. The existing signs would be replaced with interpretive signs that utilize the four components of P.O.R.T. These are pleasurable, organized, relevant and thematic. The new interpretive signs will use short words and sentences along with similes and metaphors to increase readability, high quality images which are aesthetically appealing, and pictograms to ease linguistic barriers. The signs will be based on themes and subthemes, “Be Aware of the Beach Beast: Protect Yourself from Sneaker Waves,” as well as meaningful and personal, more effectively connecting the overall message to information which the visitor already knows and cares about. Furthermore, the proposed signs will be much larger and aesthetically appealing. The larger 2 ft. x 3 ft. signs, along with high resolution images will facilitate a platform for recreational visitors to educate themselves about the potential safety concerns involving sneaker waves attributed to the park’s steep, coarse sand beaches.
This research hopes to illicit data about park visitor’s behavior while recreating on or near the wave slopes. As a result of the improved sneaker wave awareness signage, we hope to reduce the fatality rate on Humboldt Lagoons State Park beaches by 95% within three years of installation. Furthermore, we would like to increase the ability of park visitors and the community to make informed decisions in the event that they are confronted with an emergency response situations. One limitation of interpretive signs has been the signs’ ability to overcome the public’s social norms. The interpretive signs’ take home message will be, “Share what you have learned with friends, family, and especially children.” This message will hopefully lead to further education of not only the visitor’s families, but the broader community in general.

Methods
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Research design for this study will loosely follow Robbins (2004). Robbins utilized a cross-sectional observational study to compare the effectiveness of interpretive versus regulatory signage in “influencing the antecedents to overt behavior change” at Little River State Beach, CA. My proposed observational study would be similar to that of Robbins, as it will also examine the effectiveness of interpretive signage in changing the public’s social normative behaviors (doing what others do) as they recreate.
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Based on Robbins (2004) prior research in which he documented a 91% response rate to visitor questionnaires, this cross-sectional study will also use exit questionnaires and a combination of multiple choice and Likert-type scale questions to elicit responses. The Likert-type scale measures the dependent variables from several perspectives and can be used as a test for statistical significance.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Data gathered will be evaluated by performing the chi-square test for independence. This statistical test is used to determine whether there is an association between a row and a column of a contingency table constructed from the sample data. The null hypothesis is that the variables are not associated. In other words, installation of interpretive signs do not affect visitor behavior while recreating on the wave slope.
| 2017 TIMELINE | Summer | Fall | Winter | Spring |
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| Data Collection & Analysis | ||||
| Public Comment Design/Layout |
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| Print & Fabrication | ||||
| Installation & Review |
Literature Cited
Deadly “sneaker waves” are wintertime peril on California beaches. (n.d.). Retrieved May 11, 2015, from http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_22307466/deadly-sneaker-waves-are-winter-time-peril-california
Dean, R. G., & Dalrymple, R. A. (2001). Coastal Processes. Port Chester, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.
Faulkner, J., Times-St, T., & ard. (n.d.). Bay Area man drowns off Agate Beach. Retrieved May 11, 2015
Hooper, J.K and Weiss, K.S. (1991). Interpretation as a Management Tool: A National Study of Interpretive Professionals’ Views. Legacy, 2, 10-16.
Missouri Botanical Garden [MoBot]. (2003). Interpretive Signs.
Robbins, M. (2005, December). Comparing the influence of interpretive and sanction signs on visitors’ attention, knowledge, attitudes and behavioral intentions (Thesis). Humboldt State University.
Three from California family drown in ocean trying to save dog. (2012, November 26). Reuters. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/26/us-usa-california-family-idUSBRE8AP18920121126
Wandersee, J. H., & Clary, R. M. (2007). LEARNING ON THE TRAIL: A Content Analysis of a University Arboretum’s Exemplary Interpretive SCIENCE SIGNAGE SYSTEM. American Biology Teacher (National Association of Biology Teachers), 69(1), 16–23.
Woman, 32, walking her dog swept to her death by “sneaker” wave in California as her boyfriend scrambled to safety. (n.d.). Retrieved May 11, 2015, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2269640/Woman-walking-dog-swept-death-sneaker-wave-California-boyfriend-scrambled-safety.html
Young Man Attempts to Rescue Dog From Ocean Near Orick, Now Missing. Retrieved April 14, 2015, from http://lostcoastoutpost.com/2015/mar/25/young-man-attempts-rescue-dog-ocean-near-orick-now.